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Publications

CoSET S.A.F.E. AI Publications

2025

  1. Allen, Katherine, Ryan Foley, Molly Glass, Abraham Glasser, Stephanie Jo Kent, Jeff Shaul, Ludmila Golovine, Winnie Yung-Chung Heh, Natalya Mytareva, Hélène Pielmeier, and Bill Rivers. 2025. AI Interpreting Solutions Evaluation Toolkit Part A: Organization, Implementation and Management. https://safeaitf.org/toolkit/

2024

  1. Coalition for Sign Language Equity in Technology (CoSET). 2024. Deaf-Safe AI: A Legal Foundation for Ubiquitous Automatic Interpreting. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IqyIqVhckHVcX1gSNNUuuRh-hkPnaua9sHOk1hGy8M4/edit.

  2. Coalition for Sign Language Equity in Technology (CoSET). 2024. "Co-Designing Accountable AI." Video. Brown University. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VB8ZstOBBfQ.

  3. Stakeholders Advocating for Fair and Ethical AI in Interpreting Task Force (SAFE AI). 2024. "Interpreting SAFE AI Task Force Guidance on AI and Interpreting Services." https://safeaitf.org/guidance/.

Related Works

  1. Börstell, Carl. 2023. "Ableist Language Teaching over Sign Language Research."

  2. Bragg, Danielle, et al. 2022. "Sign Language Recognition, Generation, and Translation: An Interdisciplinary Perspective." Microsoft Research. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.08597.

  3. British Deaf Association. 2025. Artificial Intelligence, British Sign Language and the British Deaf Association: Discussion Paper v1.4. https://bda.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Artificial-Intelligence-BSL-and-the-BDA.pdf.

  4. Canada Deaf Grassroots Movement | Mouvement Populaire des Sourds du Canada. 2025. Comments on CAN-ASAC Draft Standard on Accessible and Equitable Artificial Intelligence (AI).

  5. Canadian Association of Sign Language Interpreters (CASLI). 2025. CASLI Submission to Accessibility Standards Canada on ASC-6.2: Accessible and Equitable Artificial Intelligence Systems.

  6. Cestari, Tatiana. 2025. "Language Access Will Define Hospital Compliance in 2026." Becker's Hospital Review, December 2, 2025. https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/language-access-will-define-hospital-compliance-in-2026/.

  7. Charlesworth, Jacqueline. 2025. "Generative AI's Illusory Case for Fair Use." Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment and Technology Law, forthcoming. Preprint, August 13, 2024 (last revised October 18, 2024). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4924997.

  8. Council of Europe Interpretation Service. 2025. Summary Report on Automatic Interpretation (Speech-to-Speech). https://aiic.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/sts-2025-rapport-de-synthese.pdf.

  9. Deaf Wireless Canada Consultative Committee (DWCC). 2025. ASC-6.2: Accessible and Equitable Artificial Intelligence Systems: Public Consultation.

  10. De Meulder, Maartje. 2021. "Is 'Good Enough' Good Enough? Ethical and Responsible Development of Language Technologies." In Proceedings of the 18th Biennial Machine Translation Summit, 1st International Workshop on Automatic Translation for Signed and Spoken Languages. https://aclanthology.org/2021.mtsummit-at4ssl.2/.

  11. De Meulder, Maartje. 2025a. "Lessons in Co-Creation: The Inconvenient Truths of Inclusive Sign Language Technology Development." arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.13171v2. https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.13171v2.

  12. De Meulder, Maartje. 2025b. "Deaf in AI: AI Language Technologies and the Erosion of Linguistic Rights." Language and Law / Linguagem e Direito 12 (1). https://ojs.letras.up.pt/index.php/LLLD/article/view/14775.

  13. De Meulder, Maartje. 2025c. "Deaf in AI: AI Language Technologies and the Erosion of Linguistic Rights." https://www.arxiv.org/pdf/2505.02519.

  14. De Meulder, Maartje, Davy Van Landuyt, and Rehana Omardeen. 2025. "Lessons in Co-Creation: The Inconvenient Truths of Inclusive Sign Language Technology Development." https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.13171v2.

  15. De Meulder, Maartje, Joseph Murray, and Annelies Kusters. 2025. "This Is Our Rhythm: Academic Becoming and Realignment in Deaf Space." https://academic.oup.com/jdsde/article/31/1/1/8374109.

  16. de Sousa, Filipe Venade. 2025. Sign Language in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. European Union of the Deaf. https://eud.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Sign-Language-in-the-Era-of-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf.

  17. Desai, Aashaka, Maartje De Meulder, Julie A. Hochgesang, Annemarie Kocab, and Alex X. Lu. 2024. "Systemic Biases in Sign Language AI Research: A Deaf-Led Call to Reevaluate Research Agendas." arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.02563v1, March 5, 2024. https://aclanthology.org/2024.signlang-1.6/.

  18. Fox, Neil, Bencie Woll, and Kearsy Cormier. 2023. "Best Practices for Sign Language Technology Research." Universal Access in the Information Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-023-01039-1.

  19. Gallaudet University. 2025. "Position Statement: ASL and AI Tools." https://gallaudet.edu/linguistics/position-statements/asl-and-ai-tools/.

  20. Hagendorff, Thilo. 2020. "The Ethics of AI Ethics: An Evaluation of Guidelines." Minds and Machines 30: 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-020-09517-8.

  21. Hickman, Louise, Alexa Hagerty, and Rose Powell. 2025. "BSL Is Not for Sale: A Deaf-Led Approach to AI Procurement." British Deaf Association and Minderoo Centre for Technology and Democracy. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.120927.2.

  22. Hofstetter, Jacob. 2026. New Frameworks for Language Access: Tracking the Expansion and Features of State and Local Laws and Policies. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/language-access-state-local-expansion.

  23. Joint Commission. 2025. National Performance Goals Effective January 2026 for the Hospital Program. https://www.jointcommission.org/en-us/standards/national-performance-goals.

  24. Kent, Stephanie Jo. 2024. "Interpreting as a Sociotechnical Field." In Proceedings of the 25th Convention of the Conference of Interpreter Trainers: Resilience & Reinvention, We All Belong, edited by Rafael Trevino, Erica Alley, and Lucy James, 82-98. Conference of Interpreter Trainers. https://citsl.org/2024-cit-proceedings/.

  25. Migration Policy Institute, National Center on Immigrant Integration Policy. 2026. State and Local Language Access Laws and Policies: Key Features. Washington, DC. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/datahub/mpi-nciip_language-access-state-local-2026-appendix_final.xlsx.

  26. Najib, Fatma M. 2024. "Sign Language Interpretation Using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence." Neural Computing and Applications 37: 841-857. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-10395-9.

  27. Palmieri, Nick, and Baker Botts. 2025. "Canada Releases Accessibility Standard for Artificial Intelligence." https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/canada-releases-accessibility-standard-2931890/.

  28. Panasuik, Jeff. 2024. "A Point of No Return Has Been Crossed." https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/point-return-has-been-crossed-jeff-panasuik-m-sc--wklwc/.

  29. Panasuik, Jeff. 2025. "The Digital Milan: The Commodification of Sign Language AI." https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/digital-milan-commodification-sign-language-jeff-panasuik-m-sc--euj5c/.

  30. Prem, Enrico. 2023. "From Ethical AI Frameworks to Tools: A Review of Approaches." AI Ethics 3: 699-716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-023-00258-9.

  31. Sag, Matthew, and Peter K. Yu. 2025. "The Globalization of Copyright Exceptions for AI Training." Emory Law Journal.

  32. Tan, Sihan, Nabeela Khan, Zhaoyi An, Yoshitaka Ando, Rei Kawakami, and Kazuhiro Nakadai. 2024. "A Review of Deep Learning-Based Approaches to Sign Language Processing." Advanced Robotics 38 (23): 1649-1667. https://doi.org/10.1080/01691864.2024.2442721.

  33. Tram, Như, and Richard Ladner. 2023. "U.S. Deaf Community Perspectives on Automatic Sign Language Translation." In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. https://doi.org/10.1145/3597638.3614507.

  34. Viégas, Fernanda, and Martin Wattenberg. 2023. "The System Model and the User Model: Exploring AI Dashboard Design." arXiv preprint. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.23205.02469.

  35. World Federation of the Deaf (WFD). 2018. "WFD and WASLI Statement on Use of Signing Avatars." https://wfdeaf.org/resources/statement-on-use-of-signing-avatars/.

  36. World Federation of the Deaf (WFD). 2019. "WFD Position Paper on Accessibility: Sign Language Interpreting and Translation and Technological Development." https://wfdeaf.org/resources/position-paper-on-accessibility-sign-language-interpreting-and-translation-and-technological-developments/.

  37. World Health Organization (WHO). 2025. Report on Wordly AI Interpretation. https://www.atanet.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Report-on-WORDLY-AI-Interpretation.pdf.